The Federal Decree-Law No. (34) of 2021 On Countering Rumors and Cybercrimes is a comprehensive legal framework enacted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to address various cybercrimes and the spread of false information. Here are some key points from the document:
Key Definitions
- Cyber: Relates to computer networks, the internet, and various information programs.
- Data or Information: Includes any form of data, facts, concepts, instructions, views, or measurements.
- Illegal Content: Content that constitutes a crime, compromises UAE’s security, or affects public health, peace, or confidence in government entities.
Crimes and Penalties
- Hacking:
- Unauthorized access to websites, electronic systems, or information networks.
- Penalties range from fines (AED 100,000 to AED 500,000) to imprisonment, depending on the severity and intent.
- Infringement of Personal Data:
- Unauthorized acquisition, possession, or dissemination of personal data.
- Penalties include imprisonment and fines (AED 20,000 to AED 100,000).
- Spreading Rumors and False News:
- Dissemination of false news or data that incites public opinion or harms public interest.
- Penalties include imprisonment and fines (AED 100,000 to AED 1,000,000).
- Cyberextortion and Cyber Threats:
- Using information networks to extort or threaten individuals.
- Penalties include imprisonment and fines (AED 250,000 to AED 500,000).
- Defamation and Slander:
- Insulting or attributing false qualities to individuals using information networks.
- Penalties include imprisonment and fines (AED 250,000 to AED 500,000).
Special Provisions
- Forfeiture Penalty: Devices and funds used in committing crimes are subject to forfeiture.
- Aggravating Circumstances: Crimes committed during the performance of a job or for the benefit of a foreign country or terrorist group are considered more severe.
- Exemption from Punishment: Possible if the offender provides information leading to the detection of the crime or arrest of other offenders.
Procedural and Final Provisions
- Probative Force of Evidence: Electronic evidence has the same probative force as physical evidence.
- Judicial Officers: Designated employees have the authority to detect and investigate violations of this law.
This decree-law aims to enhance cybersecurity, protect personal data, and maintain public order by imposing strict penalties on cybercrimes and the spread of false information.