The Chapters The Turkish Labor Law (İŞ KANUNU) has 9 Chapters: Chapter 1: General Provisions Chapter 2: Employment Contract, Types, and Termination Chapter 3: Wages Chapter 4: Organization of Work Chapter 5: Occupational Health and Safety Chapter 6: Employment Service Chapter 7: Supervision and Inspection of Working Conditions Chapter 8: Administrative Penal Provisions Chapter 9:…
EPOS stands for Electronic Point of Sale. It refers to the system and devices used in retail businesses and hospitality establishments to facilitate transactions with customers. An EPOS system typically includes hardware components like a computer or tablet, cash register, barcode scanner, card reader, and receipt printer, as well as software that manages inventory, sales…
The intense pace of work in big cities, developments in information technologies, and mobile applications have changed food demand for consumers, especially Generation Z, in order to order online instead of cooking at home or going to restaurants. Cooking at home requires time and preparation, and the cost of eating at a restaurant has led…
The top food ordering platforms in turkey are: Yemeksepeti: https://www.yemeksepeti.com/ Trendyol: https://www.trendyol.com/s/trendyol-yemek Getir: https://getir.com/ Migros Yemek: https://www.migros.com.tr/yemek Fuudy: https://fuudy.co/
ISO 22000 is an international standard that specifies requirements for a food safety management system (FSMS) in the food industry. It provides a framework for organizations involved in the food supply chain to ensure the safety of food products and to demonstrate their ability to control food safety hazards. Here are some key aspects of…
The four types of menu performance are often categorized based on their contribution to overall profitability and popularity within a restaurant. They include: Stars: These are the high-profit, high-popularity menu items. They are the best performers, contributing significantly to both revenue and profit. Stars are the items that customers frequently order and are willing to…
To calculate the break-even point, you need to determine the level of sales or production at which total revenue equals total costs, resulting in neither profit nor loss. The break-even point can be calculated using the following formula: Break-even point (in units) = Fixed Costs / (Selling Price per Unit−Variable Cost per Unit) Or, if you want to calculate the break-even point in terms of…
Fixed costs and variable costs are two types of expenses that businesses incur, but they differ in their characteristics and behavior: Fixed Costs: Fixed costs are expenses that remain constant regardless of changes in production levels or sales volume. Examples of fixed costs include rent, salaries of permanent staff, insurance premiums, depreciation on fixed assets,…
COGS stands for Cost of Goods Sold. It refers to the direct costs incurred in producing or purchasing the goods that a company sells during a specific period. COGS includes expenses such as the cost of raw materials, labor directly involved in production, manufacturing overhead, and any other costs directly attributable to the production of…
Generations in terms of technology typically refer to cohorts of people who were born and grew up during specific periods of technological advancement. Here are some of the key generations often discussed: Baby Boomers (Born roughly between 1946 and 1964): This generation witnessed the advent of television and many significant advancements in technology, such as…
Designing a restaurant menu necessitates a significant financial commitment, contingent on factors such as style, texture choices, and graphics. Interestingly, these elements do not necessarily correlate with profitability. In fact, the most aesthetically pleasing and well-designed menu may not be the one that generates the highest sales or attracts the most customers. So when setting…
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The Taurus Mountains, also known simply as the Taurus, are a major mountain range in southern Turkey. They are a significant geographical feature that spans a considerable portion of the country. Here’s an overview of the Taurus Mountains: Geography and Location: The Taurus Mountains run roughly parallel to the southern coast of Turkey, separating the…
The postal code system in Turkey is known as “Posta Kodu” in Turkish. Here’s a general overview of how postal codes work in Turkey: Format: Turkish postal codes consist of 5 digits, without any letters or special characters. For example, a postal code might look like 12345. Hierarchy: The first two digits of the postal…
The real estate market cycle refers to the pattern of ups and downs that occur in the real estate market over time. It is characterized by four distinct phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Understanding these phases can provide insights into the dynamics of the real estate market and help individuals make informed decisions. Expansion:…
Drones have become increasingly popular and valuable tools in the real estate industry. They offer unique perspectives and aerial views that can showcase properties in an engaging and visually compelling way. Here are some of the ways drones are being used in real estate: Aerial Photography and Videography: Drones equipped with high-resolution cameras can capture…
The Case-Shiller Home Price Indices are a widely recognized and respected set of measures for tracking changes in residential real estate prices in the United States. They were created by economists Karl Case, Robert Shiller, and Allan Weiss and are published by S&P Dow Jones Indices. The indices are constructed using a repeat-sales methodology, which…
The Waterfall Framework can be applied to real estate investment structures, particularly in the context of private equity real estate funds or joint ventures. It provides a systematic approach to the distribution of profits and cash flows among different stakeholders involved in the investment. Here’s an overview of how the Waterfall Framework can be used…
Managing tenant-landlord relationships effectively is essential for maintaining a positive and productive rental experience. Here are some key tips for managing tenant-landlord relationships: Clear and Transparent Communication: Establish open lines of communication from the beginning. Clearly communicate expectations, rental policies, and procedures. Encourage tenants to reach out with any questions or concerns, and be responsive…
AMENDMENTS OF THE REGULATION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF TURKISH CITIZENSHIP LAW ARTICLE 1 The second paragraph of Article 20 of the Regulation on the Implementation of theTurkish Citizenship Law, which was put into effect with the Council of Ministers Decision dated 11/2/2010 and numbered 2010/139, (a), (b), (c), (c), (d) Subparagraphs and (e) and the seventh paragraph have…
Real estate photography plays a crucial role in showcasing properties and attracting potential buyers. It involves capturing high-quality images that highlight the key features and aesthetics of a property. Here are some important aspects of real estate photography: Equipment: Using the right equipment is essential for capturing professional real estate photos. A digital single-lens reflex…
A tenancy contract, also known as a lease agreement or rental agreement, typically includes several main sections to outline the terms and conditions of the rental arrangement between a landlord and a tenant. While the specific sections may vary depending on local laws and the preferences of the parties involved, here are the common sections…
A cadastral plan is a detailed survey and map of a specific area of land, often used for legal and administrative purposes. It provides a graphical representation of land parcels, boundaries, and other pertinent information related to land ownership and land use. Cadastral plans are typically prepared and maintained by government agencies, such as land…
Article 2 and 4 of Law 634 of 1965 Mutual Zones (also referred to as Common Area) are the parts or areas, external to the immovable property, and they are to be preserved, benefited from, or used mutually (as defined in Article 2 of Law 634 of 1965). According to Article 4 of the same…
From 2000 to 2023, Dubai has experienced remarkable growth and transformation, solidifying its position as a global hub for business, tourism, and innovation. Here are some key factors that contributed to Dubai’s growth during this period: Infrastructure Development: Dubai embarked on ambitious infrastructure projects that shaped its skyline and transformed the cityscape. Iconic landmarks such…
Dubai Expo 2020 was a major international event held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Originally scheduled to take place from October 20, 2020, to April 10, 2021, it was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and rescheduled to run from October 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022. The Expo was finally held during these revised…
Foam concrete, also known as cellular concrete or lightweight concrete, is a type of concrete that contains a high volume of air voids. It is produced by mixing a cementitious material (such as cement, fly ash, or slag), water, foam agent, and sometimes additional additives. The foam agent, often a foaming agent or a surfactant,…
Water seepage refers to the undesired or unintended movement of water into a structure or an area where it is not intended to be. It can occur through various pathways, such as cracks, joints, gaps, or porous materials. Water seepage can lead to moisture-related issues and damage, including structural deterioration, mold growth, and compromised indoor…
The “U-value,” also known as the thermal transmittance or heat transfer coefficient, is a measure of the rate of heat transfer through a building component, such as a wall, roof, or window. It quantifies the amount of heat that passes through one square meter of the component for every degree Celsius of temperature difference between…
Real estate brokerage models can vary depending on the structure and services offered by the brokerage firm. Here are some common types of real estate brokerage models: Traditional Full-Service Brokerage: This is the most common and traditional type of real estate brokerage. Full-service brokerages handle almost every aspect of a real estate transaction, including listing…
MLS stands for “Multiple Listing Service.” It is a comprehensive database used by real estate agents, brokers, and other professionals to share information about properties that are currently available for sale or lease. The primary purpose of an MLS is to provide a centralized platform where real estate professionals can access and exchange property listings,…
Alanya is a popular coastal city located in the Antalya Province of Turkey. It is known for its beautiful beaches, historical sites, and vibrant tourism scene. Alanya is divided into several districts, each offering its own unique characteristics and attractions. Here are some of the main districts of Alanya: Alanya City Center: The city center…
The Turkish Riviera, also known as the Turquoise Coast, refers to the stunning stretch of coastline along the southwestern part of Turkey, facing the Mediterranean Sea. It is a popular tourist destination renowned for its crystal-clear turquoise waters, beautiful beaches, historical sites, and charming coastal towns. Here are some key features and highlights of the…
Frankfurt, Dubai, and Istanbul airports are all strategically important due to their geographical locations, extensive connectivity, and economic significance. Let’s explore the strategic importance of each airport individually: Frankfurt Airport (FRA): Frankfurt Airport is located in Frankfurt, Germany, and is one of the busiest airports in Europe. Its strategic importance lies in the following factors:…
Turkey has undertaken numerous major projects in recent years, spanning various sectors such as infrastructure, transportation, energy, and urban development. Some of the notable projects in Turkey include: Istanbul New Airport: Istanbul New Airport, now known as Istanbul Airport (IST), is one of Turkey’s most significant infrastructure projects. It is the largest airport in the…
Alanya has a rich and diverse history that spans thousands of years. The region has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of settlement dating back to the Paleolithic era. Throughout history, Alanya has been under the influence of various civilizations and empires, each leaving their mark on the city’s culture and architecture. In ancient…
Antalya Province is a prominent and popular province located on the southwestern coast of Turkey. It is situated in the Mediterranean region and is known for its stunning coastline, beautiful beaches, and historical sites. Here are some key features and attractions of Antalya Province: Antalya City: Antalya, the provincial capital, is a vibrant city with…
The Line of Balance (LOB) is a project management technique used to schedule and control repetitive processes, particularly in construction projects that involve the construction of multiple similar units or sections. It provides a visual representation of the planned production rates and sequences over time, enabling efficient resource allocation and monitoring of progress. Here are…
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) is a project management technique used to analyze and represent the tasks and activities involved in a project. It provides a graphical representation of the project’s timeline, dependencies, and critical path. PERT is commonly used in complex projects that involve uncertainty and risk. Here are some key points to…
The critical path is a concept in project management that identifies the sequence of tasks or activities that must be completed in a specific order and have no flexibility in their scheduling. It represents the longest duration path through a project network diagram and determines the shortest possible project duration. Here are some key points…
MasterFormat is a standardized organizational structure for organizing and classifying construction project information. It provides a framework for organizing project specifications, documents, and other construction-related information in a consistent and logical manner. MasterFormat is widely used in the construction industry in North America and is maintained and updated by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and…
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a hierarchical decomposition of a project into smaller, manageable components called work packages. It provides a visual representation of the project’s scope, deliverables, and tasks, organized in a structured and logical manner. The WBS breaks down the project into smaller, more manageable parts, allowing for easier planning, scheduling, and…
Lean project delivery is an approach that aims to improve the efficiency, productivity, and overall performance of construction projects by eliminating waste, maximizing value, and promoting collaboration among project stakeholders. It draws inspiration from lean manufacturing principles and applies them to the construction industry. Here are some key principles and concepts associated with lean project…
A payment bond is a type of surety bond often used in the construction industry to guarantee that contractors and subcontractors will be paid for their work and services. It provides financial protection to the project owner by ensuring that all parties involved in the construction project receive timely and proper payment. Here are some…
A performance bond is a type of surety bond that guarantees the satisfactory completion of a construction project or contractual obligations by the contractor or principal. It provides financial protection to the project owner or client in case the contractor fails to perform their duties according to the terms of the contract. Here are some…
A bid bond is a type of surety bond that serves as a guarantee provided by a bidder to a project owner or client during the bidding process. It ensures that the bidder, if awarded the contract, will enter into the contract and provide the required performance and payment bonds. Here are some key points…
The project development cycle refers to the sequential phases involved in the planning, execution, and completion of a project. While the specific terminology and steps may vary depending on the project management methodology or industry, the following phases are commonly included in the project development cycle: Project Initiation: Define the project’s objectives, scope, and purpose.…
The construction industry faces a range of challenges and opportunities in today’s rapidly evolving world. Here are some key factors to consider: Sustainability: One of the most significant challenges is promoting sustainable practices in construction. With increasing environmental concerns, there is a growing demand for eco-friendly buildings, energy-efficient designs, and the use of renewable materials.…
A Lump Sum or Fixed Price Contract is a type of construction contract in which the contractor agrees to complete a project for a predetermined fixed price. Under this contract, the scope of work, project specifications, and deliverables are clearly defined and agreed upon by both the owner (client) and the contractor before the project…
Blockchain technology has the potential to significantly impact the real estate industry in several ways. Here are some potential effects of blockchain on real estate: Improved Transparency: Blockchain can enhance transparency in real estate transactions by providing a decentralized and immutable ledger of property ownership, transactions, and title records. This can reduce fraud, increase trust,…
Blockchain technology has the potential to bring significant benefits to the construction industry by improving transparency, efficiency, and security. Here are some ways in which blockchain can be utilized in the construction industry: Supply Chain Management: Blockchain can enhance supply chain management by creating a transparent and immutable record of the entire construction supply chain.…
Project management and program management are two distinct disciplines that involve planning, organizing, and managing initiatives. While they share some similarities, there are key differences between project management and program management. Here’s a breakdown of the differences: Project Management: Definition: Project management focuses on the management of individual projects, which are temporary endeavors with specific…
The terms “gross area” and “net area” are often used in the context of real estate, architecture, and construction. Here’s the difference between the two: Gross Area: Gross area refers to the total floor area of a building or property, including all the interior and exterior spaces. It encompasses all areas, including walls, corridors, staircases,…
Dubai has been actively promoting the concept of green buildings and sustainable development as part of its commitment to environmental conservation and energy efficiency. The Dubai Green Building Regulations and Specifications, introduced in 2010, set guidelines for sustainable construction practices and encourage the adoption of green building standards. Here are some key aspects of green…
ASHRAE 62.1 refers to the ventilation standard developed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) for commercial and institutional buildings. ASHRAE Standard 62.1 provides guidelines and requirements for the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of ventilation systems to achieve acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ) in these types of buildings. The key…
ASHRAE 90.1 refers to the energy standard developed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) for commercial buildings. ASHRAE Standard 90.1 provides guidelines and requirements for the design, construction, and operation of buildings to achieve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Here are the key aspects of ASHRAE Standard 90.1: Building…
ASHRAE stands for the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. It is a professional organization that focuses on advancing the fields of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) and related technologies. ASHRAE’s mission is to serve humanity by advancing sustainable technology for the built environment. Here are some key aspects of ASHRAE:…
Negotiation is a process of reaching a mutually beneficial agreement through communication and compromise. Here are some key steps and strategies to help you negotiate effectively: Prepare and Gather Information: Before entering into a negotiation, gather as much information as possible about the subject matter, the other party, and any relevant facts or data. Understand…
Escrow is a legal arrangement where a neutral third party holds and manages funds, documents, or assets on behalf of two or more parties involved in a transaction. The purpose of an escrow is to provide a secure and trusted means of completing a transaction between parties who may not fully trust each other. In…
Article (9) The lessor and lessee shall define a rent in the lease. In any case, the rent may only be increased and lease provisions may only be amended after the elapse of two full years from the date of the commencement of the leasing relation for the first time. Article (10) RERA shall set…
Article (5) Leasing period shall be defined. If the leasing period was not defined in the lease or was difficult to establish, the lease shall be deemed to be binding for the period defined for payment of rent. Article (6) If the lease period ends and the lessee remains in the property without objection by…
Article (4) 1. The leasing relation between the lessor and lessee shall be regulated by a written lease to be signed by both. Said lease shall include a detailed description of the leased property, purpose of leasing thereof, name of owner, number and type of land, the area where it is located, lease period, and…
Preventive maintenance for HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems is crucial to ensure their efficient operation, prevent breakdowns, and extend their lifespan. Here are some key areas to focus on when implementing preventive maintenance for HVAC systems: Regular Inspections: Conduct routine inspections of HVAC equipment to identify any signs of wear, damage, or inefficiency.…
Mimar Sinan, also known as Koca Mi’mar Sinan Ağa or simply Sinan, was a renowned Ottoman architect and civil engineer. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest architects in history and the chief architect of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century. Sinan’s innovative architectural designs and engineering prowess left a lasting impact…
SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer. It is a cryptographic protocol that provides secure communication over the internet. SSL has been superseded by Transport Layer Security (TLS), but the term SSL is still commonly used to refer to both SSL and TLS. Here are some key points about SSL: Secure Communication: SSL is designed to…
DSN stands for Data Source Name. It is a configuration setting that provides a consistent and convenient way to identify and connect to a data source, such as a database or file, within a computer system. DSNs are commonly used in the context of ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) and OLE DB (Object Linking and Embedding,…
API stands for Application Programming Interface. It is a set of rules, protocols, and tools that allows different software applications to communicate and interact with each other. APIs define the methods, data formats, and conventions that developers can use to access the functionality of a software component, service, or platform. Here are some key points…
ODBC stands for Open Database Connectivity. It is an industry-standard application programming interface (API) that enables communication between applications and database management systems (DBMS). ODBC provides a consistent and uniform interface for accessing different types of databases, regardless of the specific DBMS vendor or underlying data source. Here are some key points about ODBC: Functionality:…
Relational databases are a type of database management system (DBMS) that organizes data into tables, which are composed of rows and columns. These databases are based on the relational model, proposed by Edgar F. Codd in 1970, and they have been widely adopted in various industries. Here are some key concepts and features of relational…
District cooling, also known as centralized cooling or district energy cooling, is a system for providing cooling services to multiple buildings or areas from a centralized cooling plant. It involves the production and distribution of chilled water or cool air through a network of underground pipes to meet the cooling needs of various buildings within…
Master-slave architecture is a design pattern commonly used in computer systems, networks, and communication protocols. It involves the division of roles and responsibilities between two types of components: the master and the slave. In a master-slave architecture: Master: The master component, often referred to as the controller or the central unit, is responsible for coordinating…
EN 1434-3 refers to a European standard that specifies the requirements and test methods for heat meters used in heating systems. It is part of the EN 1434 series of standards, which covers various aspects related to heat meters, including their accuracy, installation, and functionality. Specifically, EN 1434-3 focuses on the metrological and technical requirements…
M-Bus, short for Meter-Bus, is a communication protocol commonly used in the utility metering industry for remote reading of meters. It is a standard developed for collecting consumption data from various types of utility meters, such as electricity, gas, water, or heat meters. The M-Bus protocol specifies the way data is exchanged between the meters…
Dealing with angry customers can be challenging, but it’s important to address their concerns effectively to maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty. Here are some tips on how to handle angry customers: Stay Calm: Remain calm and composed, regardless of the customer’s behavior or tone. Take a deep breath, listen attentively, and avoid getting defensive or…
A Human Resources Information Management System (HRIMS) is a software solution designed to streamline and automate various HR processes and activities within an organization. It serves as a central repository for storing, managing, and processing employee-related data, providing HR departments with tools to efficiently manage their workforce. Here are some key features and functionalities of…
ASP stands for Active Server Pages, which is a server-side scripting technology developed by Microsoft. ASP allows the creation of dynamic web pages and web applications by embedding server-side scripts within HTML pages. These scripts are executed on the server before the page is sent to the user’s web browser. Here are some key features…
The purpose of ISO 9001 is to provide a framework for organizations to establish and maintain a quality management system (QMS) that consistently delivers products and services that meet customer requirements and enhance customer satisfaction. ISO 9001 sets out the criteria for a quality management system based on a set of principles, including a strong…
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a popular server-side scripting language used for web development. It is primarily designed for creating dynamic web pages and web applications. PHP is embedded within HTML code and processed by a web server to generate dynamic content that is sent to the client’s web browser. Here are some key features and…
Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) is a web server software developed by Microsoft Corporation. It is designed to host and serve websites and web applications on the Windows operating system. IIS provides a platform for delivering web content, managing internet protocols, and supporting various web technologies. Here are some key features and capabilities of Microsoft…
Developing a Microsoft Access database for a small to medium business involves several key steps. Here’s a general guide to help you get started: Define the Database Requirements: Begin by clearly defining the requirements and objectives of your database. Identify the specific needs of your business, such as managing customer information, tracking inventory, or generating…
Laws and regulations are both forms of rules established by governing bodies to govern and guide behavior in society. While they share similarities, there are distinct differences between the two: Laws: Legislative Origin: Laws are created by legislative bodies, such as parliaments, congresses, or assemblies, at the national or state level. The legislative process involves…
An intranet is a private and internal network that is restricted to an organization or a specific group of users, typically within a company, institution, or government entity. It is a secure and closed network that facilitates communication, collaboration, and the sharing of information and resources among members of the organization. Here are some key…
Developing a personal website can bring numerous benefits and opportunities. Here are several reasons why you might consider creating a personal website: Establishing an online presence: A personal website allows you to create a digital presence and showcase your skills, experiences, and accomplishments. It serves as a centralized hub for people to learn more about…